Given similar types of circuits, many values relating to the current, voltage, frequencies can be anticipated to ensure future. Resonance occurs when xl xc and the imaginary part of the transfer function is zero. Rc, rl and rlc circuit basic principle and circuit explanations. Indicate the resonance frequency f o and the width of the resonance curve the bandwidth, which is the interval. A transfer of energy similar to that discussed for the series circuit also occurs in the parallel resonant circuit. The experiment of the series resonant circuit slideshare.
To use the equipment and techniques developed in the previous experiments to measure the values of the l and c using the im pedance method and to st udy the behavior of a series rlc circuit. With these three frequencies we derived the bandwidth and quality factor for. To understand the resonance frequency, cutoff frequency, bandwidth and quality factor of a resonance circuit. Conclusion rlc circuits modeling and experimental tools. At some frequency the inductive and capacitive reactances magnitudes becomes equal and since they are opposite each other they effectively cancel each other.
Simple series and parallel lc circuit resonance operation. The data measured shows the frequencyselectivity characteristics of the two circuit structures. Rlc series circuit if the angular frequency of an ac signal applied from the function generator is. In a series configuration, x c and x l cancel each other out. The parallel resonant circuit has the basic configuration as below, this circuit is often called the tank circuit due to the storage of energy by the inductor and capacitor. To determine the impedance of a series rlc circuit used in ac application.
Capacitors are two charged plates and even after current stops. This experiment will be used to examine the sinusoidal frequency response of the series and parallel to see at what frequency the current through an rlc series becomes or the voltage across a parallel rlc circuit reaches maximum value. The circuit component values have been specifically chosen to enhance the resonance effect on the peaking of the current and to make it easier to measure the phase angle and to avoid certain equipment limitations. And finally, a series lc circuit with the significant resistance in parallel with the capacitor the shifted resonance is shown below. Consider a rlc circuit in which resistor, inductor and capacitor are connected in series across a voltage supply. Multimeter and rlc circuit module introduction recall from last weeks lab that, for a series ac circuit, ohms law still applies, but in order to describe the circuit properly, impedance must be used in place of the resistance. Oct 09, 2016 resonance in series rlc circuit ac circuits basic electrical engineering first year duration. Series resonance summary for resonance to occur in any circuit it must have at least one inductor and one capacitor. The rc circuit resistor capacitor circuit will consist of a capacitor and a resistor connected either in series or parallel to a voltage or current source. In many ways a parallel resonance circuit is exactly the same as the series resonance circuit we looked at in the previous tutorial. It is also very commonly used as damper circuits in analog applications. The resonant rlc circuits are connected in series and parallel. The above graph shows the plot between circuit current and frequency.
An rlc circuit is, of course, a circuit with a resistor, inductor. With these three frequencies we derived the bandwidth and quality factor for each component in the circuit. To observe the relationships between the voltage and current across resistors, inductors, and capacitors in series combinations as the frequency of the source is varied. Recall from last weeks lab that, for a series ac circuit, ohms law still applies, but in order to describe the circuit properly, impedance must be used in place of the resistance. Therefore at the resonance frequency the current becomes maximum. To determine if a circuit is inductive or capacitive. Series resonance definition and meaning collins english. Conclusion this experiment introduced series and parallel rlc circuits. Also, compute and record the percent deviation between experimental and theory in table 1. Harmonic resonance in power systems voltage disturbance.
Power in a series resonant circuit georgia state university. The name rlc circuit is derived from the starting letter from the components of resistance, inductor, and capacitor. This phenomenon is due to the mutual dischargescharges occurring. The purpose of this lab was to study series resonance in an rlc circuit composed of a resistor, inductor, and capacitor. Where zr is the resonance impedance of the circuit. The sharpness of the minimum depends on the value of r and is characterized by the q of the circuit. The behavior of a parallel rlc circuit is quite different than the series configuration.
This makes the circuit to be purely resistive as it only sees the resistor. Discussion of series and parallel resonance phenomena in the. Parallel resonance occurs when the supply frequency creates zero phase difference between the supply voltage and current producing a resistive circuit. I think this is a wonderful introduction to the mechanism behind such a phenomenon. The circuit can be thought of as being in two parts. In both cases, it was simpler for the actual experiment to replace the battery and switch with a signal generator producing a square wave. Series resonance in a series rlc resonant circuit electronics. The graph opposite shows that there is a minimum in the frequency response of the current at the resonance frequency. At starting, when the frequency increases, the impedance z c. Thus, the current supplied to a series resonant circuit is a maximum at resonance. Sketch the so called resonance curve for the series resonance circuit in fig. The series resonance circuit thus far we have analysed the behaviour of a series rlc circuit whose source voltage is a fixed frequency steady state sinusoidal supply. The two most common applications of resonance in ac circuitry involves series rlc circuits and parallel rlc circuits.
Frequency response of rlc resonance circuit, from eq. An rc circuit can be used to make some crude filters like lowpass, highpass and bandpass filters. By observing the characteristics of a series rlc circuit, we were. This is due to the phenomenon of reciprocal exchange of energy of the lc circuit called resonance. We have also seen that two or more sinusoidal signals can be combined using phasors providing that they have the same frequency supply. The inductor is based on the principle of inductance that moving charges create a magnetic eld the reverse is also true a moving magnetic eld creates an electric eld. Resonance in series rlc circuit ac circuits basic electrical engineering first year duration. This lab involves a resistor r, capacitor c, and inductor l all in series with a signal generator and this time is experimentally simpler to use a sine wave that a. One thought on conclusion rlc circuits zerogoszinski may 15, 2014 at 7. We also found the frequencies that were 3db below the resonant frequency. These types of circuits are also called as rc filters or rc networks since they are most commonly used in filtering applications. The series rlc resonance circuit introduction thus far we have studied a circuit involving a 1 series resistor r and capacitor c circuit as well as a 2 series resistor r and inductor l circuit. Therefore, the circuit current at this frequency will be at its maximum value of vr as shown below. Rc, rl and rlc circuit basic principle and circuit.
Jul 23, 2014 the experiment of the series resonant circuit 1. Abstract based on the basic knowledge, ill understand the series resonant circuit with an inductor, a capacitor and a resister, and learn it by experimenting. Both are 3element networks that contain two reactive components making them a secondorder circuit, both are influenced by variations in the supply frequency and both have a frequency point where their two reactive components cancel each other out influencing. Pdf simulation of rlc series and parallel resonance in. To observe the net effect of the reactance within the series rlc circuit. Specifically, resonance is the term employed for describing the steadystate operation of a circuit or system at that frequency for which the.
The circuit forms an oscillator circuit which is very commonly used in radio receivers and televisions. Series lc resonant circuit with resistance in parallel with c. At resonance, the impedance of a branch with lc in series is equal to zero, which is equivalent to a short, and the admittance of a branch with lc in parallel is equal to zero, which is equivalent to an open. Construct the circuit shown in figure 1 and measure i 1, i 2, i 3 and vo. Calculate i 1, i 2, i 3 and vo for the circuit shown in figure 1 for f 1khz and f 10khz. A resonant circuit which is in series consists of a capacitor, a resistor and an indicator connected in a loop. Resonance is the result of oscillations in a circuit as stored energy is passed from. Resonance experiment abstract we looked at a resonant circuit that was made up of an inductor a capacitor and some resistors. Determining the resonance frequency for series rlc circuits duration. The sharp minimum in impedance which occurs is useful in tuning applications. The voltage through an rlc series circuit will be measured as a function of frequency for a fixed applied voltage. If the series rlc circuit is driven by a variable frequency at a constant voltage, then the magnitude of the current, i is proportional to the impedance, z, therefore at resonance the power absorbed by the circuit must be at its maximum value as p i 2 z.
Ac circuits rlc circuit introduction an inductor l is an important component of circuits, on the same level as resistors r and capacitors c. Therefore, the current supplied to the circuit is max at resonance. Harmonic resonance is a power quality issue that is difficult to visualize as the damages caused due to resonance would have brought the system out of resonance selfcorrecting by the time the engineer is performing measurement or analysis. The circuit should reach steady state very quickly, in much less than one second. When an inductive reactance and a capacitive reactance are connected in parallel, as shown in fig. Bandwidth of a series resonance circuit if the series rlc circuit is driven by a variable frequency at a constant voltage, then the magnitude of the current, i is proportional to the impedance, z, therefore at resonance the power absorbed by the circuit must be at its maximum value as p i 2 z.
An rlc circuit is an electrical circuit it consists of a resistor, inductor, and capacitor they are represented by the letters r, l and c. Circuit with potential for series resonance condition. We learned how to find the resonant frequency of the circuit. Capacitors are two charged plates and even after current. Resonance in ac circuits implies a special frequency determined by the values of the resistance, capacitance, and inductance. Specifically, resonance is the term employed for describing the steadystate operation of a circuit or system at that frequency for which the resultant response is. The experiment of the series resonant circuit s1210196 yoichi saito 2. A series resonant circuit has the capability to draw heavy current and power from the mains. Measure the resonant frequencies and fwhm for three known circuits compute the unknown inductance of a copper coil by finding the resonant frequency of the whole system observe the phase shift.
Resonance is identified with engineering situations which involve energystoring elements subjected to a forcing function of varying frequency. Jun 08, 2019 in series rlc circuit current, i v z but at resonance current i v r, therefore the current at resonant frequency is maximum as at resonance in impedance of circuit is resistance only and is minimum. The resonance property of a first order rlc circuit is discussed below the rlc circuit is also called as series resonance circuit, oscillating circuit or a tuned circuit. Electrical tutorial about series resonance and the series rlc resonant circuit with resistance, inductance and capacitance connected in series.
This phenomenon is due to the mutual dischargescharges occurring between an interconnected inductor and capacitor. To study the behavior of series and parallel lc circuits at resonance. Use pspice to determine i 1, i 2, i 3, and vo in figure 1 at f 1khz and f 10khz. In a series rlc circuit, the three basic elements are in series with each other, which means that they all have the same current. In this article we will discuss about series and parallel resonance in rlc circuits. This laboratory is about studying resonance in rlc series and parallel circuits. However, for some antennas, the behavior of the input impedance near parallel resonance is. Experiment 10 rlc series circuit resonance in an rlc series circuit objective. Rlc series and parallel circuit at resonance is a part of basic electrical engineering course which is mandatory for all discipline students to aware the idea of resonance in all technical.
Jun 25, 2014 since the current flowing through a series resonance circuit is the product of voltage divided by impedance, at resonance the impedance, z is at its minimum value, r. Experiment 5 series resonance in ac circuits figure 1 yumpu. In the series and parallel resonance lab, the experiment used a series and a parallelresonant circuit to introduce frequency response. Record the experimental inductor voltage in table 1.
Resonant response of rlc circuits linkedin slideshare. Parallel resonance and parallel rlc resonant circuit. Discussion of series and parallel resonance phenomena in. Pdf lab 8 rlc resonance margaret wettergreen academia. In actual, rather than ideal components, the flow of current is opposed, generally by the resistance of the windings of the coil. However, for some antennas, the behavior of the input impedance near parallel resonance is more complicated than the model used in equation 2. Ac circuits laboratory report experiment 4 series rlc circuit. In fact, qfactor of a series resonant circuit may be defined as the ratio of resonant frequency to bandwidth. In this circuit, the resistance includes every known resistance r in the circuit, which can come from the internal resistance of the generator, the resistance of the inductor, and any real resistors connected.
Note, currents are measured indirectly by measuring the voltage across an. The voltage v r measured across the resistor of the rlc series circuit are predicted to look like this. Consideration and conclusion in fact, an inductor has resistancer. We can note that the series rlc circuit presented in figure 1 acts as a secondorder lowpass filter in the ac regime since it decreases the output signal for the pulsations higher than.
The change from a series arrangement to a parallel arrangement results in the circuit having a peak in impedance at resonance rather than a minimum, so the circuit is an antiresonator. The resonance of a series rlc circuit occurs when the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal in magnitude but cancel each other because they are 180 degrees apart in phase. In effect, you have made a potential divider using a resistor the 100k whose resistance. Put on the vertical axis the current or voltage across resistor r and log f on the horizontal axis. In order to calculate a resonance frequency of either a series or parallel rlc circuitwe can use eq. This results in the following restatement of ohms law. Apr 30, 2014 one thought on conclusion rlc circuits zerogoszinski may 15, 2014 at 7. I thought your step by step breakdown of your modeling of rlc circuits was very clear.
In real, rather than idealised components, the current is opposed, mostly by the resistance of the coil windings. Also, compute and record the percent deviation between experimental and theory in table. The series resonance rlc circuit is shown in the figure below. To show the three equivalent response of a series rlc circuit ii. In a series resonance lc circuit configuration, the two resonances x c and x l cancel each other out.
979 1044 55 711 488 792 894 788 1474 806 964 503 299 401 578 223 830 383 317 1003 1458 1204 606 1447 814 1088 582 338 1491 772 57 1254 990 1035